Thinking with Camera: A Unified Multimodal Model for Camera-Centric Understanding and Generation
Paper • 2510.08673 • Published • 128
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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: TypeError
Message: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1520, in _prepare_split_single
for key, record in generator:
^^^^^^^^^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 613, in wrapped
for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/webdataset/webdataset.py", line 130, in _generate_examples
for example_idx, example in enumerate(self._get_pipeline_from_tar(tar_path, tar_iterator)):
~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/webdataset/webdataset.py", line 34, in _get_pipeline_from_tar
for filename, f in tar_iterator:
^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/track.py", line 49, in __iter__
for x in self.generator(*self.args):
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py", line 1405, in _iter_from_urlpath
with xopen(urlpath, "rb", download_config=download_config, block_size=0) as f:
~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py", line 982, in xopen
file_obj = fs.open(paths[0], mode)
File "<string>", line 3, in open
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/unittest/mock.py", line 1176, in __call__
return self._mock_call(*args, **kwargs)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/unittest/mock.py", line 1180, in _mock_call
return self._execute_mock_call(*args, **kwargs)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/unittest/mock.py", line 1247, in _execute_mock_call
result = effect(*args, **kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 786, in wrapped
tracker.files[urlpath] = {"read": 0, "size": int(f.size)}
~~~^^^^^^^^
TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
)
^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1382, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
):
^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1560, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
json dict | __key__ string | __url__ string |
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End of preview.
GPIC-Camera
Per-image camera parameter annotations for the GPIC dataset (train / test / val; train = 8,000 shards, test = 1,000,000 images, val = 200,000 images), captioned by the Puffin-World model.
The collage above visualizes the camera maps on sample images — each pair shows the up field (green arrows: the projected gravity-up direction) and the latitude field (colored contours: angle above/below the horizon).
Format
One .tar per source shard, under train/, test/, val/
(gpic_train_00000.tar … , gpic_test_00000.tar … , gpic_val_00000.tar …),
each containing one .json per image whose name matches the source image stem.
Each JSON holds the predicted monocular camera parameters:
| Field | Meaning | Unit |
|---|---|---|
roll |
camera roll | radians |
pitch |
camera pitch | radians |
vfov |
vertical field-of-view | radians |
k1 |
radial distortion coefficient | – |
parse_ok |
whether the model output parsed within valid ranges | bool |
Example:
{"roll": 0.0123, "pitch": -0.0871, "vfov": 1.0123, "k1": 0.0000, "parse_ok": true}
Camera Parameter Distributions
Histograms of the predicted roll / pitch / vertical-FoV
(proportion of valid samples per 10° bin; parse_ok=False excluded; computed on
a ~4.9M-image sample across train/test/val).
| split | roll μ / med / σ | pitch μ / med / σ | FoV μ / med / σ |
|---|---|---|---|
| sample (4.9M) | 0.1° / 0.0° / 5.6° | −2.6° / −1.3° / 13.0° | 33.8° / 31.2° / 11.6° |
- Roll is sharply peaked at 0° (images shot upright/level).
- Pitch is centered slightly negative (mild downward-looking tendency).
- FoV concentrates in 20–45° (median ≈ 31°) with a long wide-angle tail.
If you'd like a dataset with a more diverse and uniform distribution of camera parameters, please refer to our Puffin-4M and Puffin-16M datasets.
Dataset Download
You can download the entire dataset using the following command:
hf download KangLiao/GPIC-Camera --repo-type dataset
Caption Pipeline
Beyond this captioned dataset, we also release a complete captioning pipeline for annotating camera parameters for arbitrary datasets, analyzing camera parameter distributions, and visualizing the corresponding camera maps. The pipeline is available in our GitHub repository.
Citation
If you find the captioned dataset useful for your research or applications, please cite our paper using the following BibTeX:
@article{liao2025puffin,
title={Thinking with Camera: A Unified Multimodal Model for Camera-Centric Understanding and Generation},
author={Liao, Kang and Wu, Size and Wu, Zhonghua and Jin, Linyi and Wang, Chao and Wang, Yikai and Wang, Fei and Li, Wei and Loy, Chen Change},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.08673},
year={2025}
}
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